Mummification

 

A web quest designed by:  Brian Stone & Rebecca Valero

Intro Task Process Resources

Evaluation

Conclusion

 

Introduction: 

    Have you ever wondered why every time you eat salty foods, you get thirsty? Or why fresh vegetables tend to shrivel up when you sprinkle salt on them? The answer is simple. Salt is a desiccant - it helps remove water from things, including human bodies. In this activity, you will experiment with different salt compounds and discover which makes the best mummified apple.

 

 

back to top


Task  (mummify an apple)

Your job is to turn an ordinary apple into a dried up piece of fruit resembling the way Ancient  Egyptians would mummify a human body.

Materials
 

 

back to top


Process

  1. Slice the two apples into quarters so that you have eight slices similar in size. Place a piece of tape on each cup and write the words "starting weight." Select one slice, weigh it, and record the weight on the outside of cup 1. Follow the same procedure with the other seven apple slices until each cup has been labeled with the appropriate starting weight.
     
  2. Add exactly 1/2 cup of baking soda to
    cup 1, making sure to completely cover the apple. Write the words "baking soda only" on the outside label. Fill cup 2 with 1/2 cup Epsom salts. Fill cup 3 with 1/2 cup table salt. Make sure you label each cup.
     
  3. Repeat the same procedure for cups 4-6 using a 50:50 mix of Epsom and table salts in cup 4, 50:50 mix of table salt and baking soda in cup 5, and a 50:50 mix of baking soda and Epsom salts in cup 6. Again, make sure each cup has the correct label.
     
  4. In cup 7 make a mixture of 1/3 baking soda, 1/3 Epsom salts, and 1/3 table salt. Leave cup 8 alone as a control. Place the cups on a shelf out of direct sunlight and let them sit for seven days. After a week has gone by, take out each apple slice, brush off as much salt as possible, and reweigh. (Do not rinse the apple off because that will rehydrate it.) Compare the starting and ending weights of each slice and calculate the percentage of weight which is moisture lost for each by dividing the difference in weight by the starting weight.

 

 

 

back to top


Resources

http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Tower/4636/egypt.htm#Mummify

http://www.crystalinks.com/mum.html

http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mummificationinancientegypt.htm

 

 

 

back to top


Evaluation

 
 
   
 
 
Collaborative Work Skills : Mummification
 
Teacher:Rebecca Valero & Brian Stone
Student Name:     ________________________________________
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Contributions Routinely provides useful ideas when participating in the group and in classroom discussion. A definite leader who contributes a lot of effort. Usually provides useful ideas when participating in the group and in classroom discussion. A strong group member who tries hard! Sometimes provides useful ideas when participating in the group and in classroom discussion. A satisfactory group member who does what is required. Rarely provides useful ideas when participating in the group and in classroom discussion. May refuse to participate.
Quality of Work Provides work of the highest quality. Provides high quality work. Provides work that occasionally needs to be checked/redone by other group members to ensure quality. Provides work that usually needs to be checked/redone by others to ensure quality.
Focus on the task Consistently stays focused on the task and what needs to be done. Very self-directed. Focuses on the task and what needs to be done most of the time. Other group members can count on this person. Focuses on the task and what needs to be done some of the time. Other group members must sometimes nag, prod, and remind to keep this person on-task. Rarely focuses on the task and what needs to be done. Lets others do the work.
Working with Others Almost always listens to, shares with, and supports the efforts of others. Tries to keep people working well together. Usually listens to, shares, with, and supports the efforts of others. Does not cause "waves" in the group. Often listens to, shares with, and supports the efforts of others, but sometimes is not a good team member. Rarely listens to, shares with, and supports the efforts of others. Often is not a good team player.
Date Created: Oct 13, 2003 09:05 pm (CDT)

 

 

back to top


Conclusion  (mummified apple)

To completely mummify the apple will take about a week, but check the apple after two days.  Check again after four days. Does it surprise you to see how much moisture the apple has lost?  Of course, being buried in plain salt would remove moisture.  Natron, though, will also break down fats and oils; plain salt can't do that. According to an ancient Greek named Herodotus who visited Egypt and wrote about his discoveries, the process of embalming a body took about 70 days.  The wrappings were added after the body was removed from the natron.  When the students complete this process, they should have a finished product that will give them a more realistic view of how the Ancient Pharaohs appeared after the mummification process.

 

back to top